Industry templates
Architecture diagram templates for every industry
581 ready-made diagrams across 50 industries: C4 architectures, sequence flows, state machines, data flows and more. Open one to see it, then make it yours in the Studio.
581 templates
Hospital Management System Architecture
A container-level view of a hospital management system: patient and staff apps, the core services behind them, and the external systems a hospital depends on, such as insurers and labs.
Patient Appointment Booking Sequence
How a patient books a doctor's appointment online: checking free slots, holding one, paying the consultation fee and getting a confirmation.
UPI Payment Flow
The steps behind a UPI payment: the payer's app, the payer's bank, NPCI's UPI switch and the payee's bank, from entering a UPI ID to the money arriving.
Payment Gateway Architecture
A payment gateway that lets online merchants accept cards and UPI: the checkout, the payment core with fraud checks, and the card networks and banks it connects to.
Loan Origination Workflow
A personal loan from application to disbursal: KYC, credit bureau check, underwriting rules, manual review for borderline cases, and the final agreement.
E-commerce Microservices Architecture
An online store split into microservices: catalog, cart, orders, payments and search, with Kafka events connecting them to shipping and notifications.
Checkout and Payment Sequence
What happens when a shopper clicks Pay: stock is reserved, the payment is authorised, the order is created and stock is released again if payment fails.
Order Lifecycle State Machine
Every status an online order moves through, from placed to delivered, including cancellations, returns and refunds.
Production Order Lifecycle
The states a production order goes through on the shop floor, from release by planning to closure, including material shortages, rework and scrap.
Quality Inspection Workflow
An incoming and in-process quality inspection flow: sampling, measurement against the spec, and what happens to a batch that fails.
IoT Telemetry Data Pipeline
How sensor readings travel from devices to dashboards and alerts: MQTT ingestion, stream processing, time-series storage and anomaly detection.
IoT Device Provisioning Sequence
How a new device joins the platform securely: claiming by the owner, certificate issue and its first connection to the MQTT broker.
EV Charging Session State Machine
Every state of an electric vehicle charging session at a public charger, from plug-in to payment, including faults and idle fees.
Connected Car Platform Architecture
A connected vehicle platform: the telematics unit in the car, the cloud services that collect data and send commands, and the owner's mobile app.
Citizen Services Portal Architecture
A single online portal where citizens apply for government services: identity login, a service catalogue, document storage and payments to the treasury.
Permit and Licence Approval Workflow
How a building permit or trade licence application moves through a government office: scrutiny, site inspection, fees and the final certificate.
Course and Grades Database Schema
A database design for a school or university: students, courses, enrolments, assessments and grades, with the relationships between them.
Student Enrolment Workflow
The admission-to-enrolment journey at a college: application, document verification, merit list, fee payment and student ID.
5G Core Network Topology
A simplified 5G standalone network: phones and radio sites, the 5G core network functions, and the connection out to the internet.
SIM Activation Lifecycle
The states a mobile SIM goes through, from stock in the warehouse to active service, suspension, porting out and deactivation.
Kubernetes Microservices Deployment
How a microservices app runs on Kubernetes in the cloud: ingress, namespaces, services with multiple replicas, managed databases and monitoring.
CI/CD Pipeline Flowchart
A typical CI/CD pipeline from a pull request to production: build, tests, security scans, staging deploy, approval and a canary release.
OAuth 2.0 / OpenID Connect Login
The authorization code flow with PKCE used by most modern web and mobile apps to log users in through an identity provider.
SCADA Pipeline Monitoring Network
The operational network behind a pipeline SCADA system: field RTUs at pump and valve stations, the control centre, and a firewalled link to the business network.
Permit-to-Work Lifecycle
The safety permit that controls hazardous work at a refinery or rig: request, risk assessment, isolation, gas testing, work and handback.
Smart Meter Data Flow
How readings from millions of smart electricity meters reach billing and customers: head-end system, meter data management and analytics.
Power Outage Management Workflow
What a power utility does from the moment an outage is detected to restoring supply and closing the incident.
Insurance Claims Lifecycle
The states of an insurance claim from first notice of loss to payment or closure, including investigation and appeals.
Insurance Policy Administration System
The core system of an insurer: quoting, underwriting, policy issue, billing and claims, used by customers, agents and underwriters.
Last-Mile Delivery Sequence
From an order leaving the hub to the parcel at the customer's door: rider assignment, live tracking, OTP handover and proof of delivery.
Shipment Tracking Platform Architecture
A logistics platform that tracks shipments across carriers: booking, scan events from hubs, carrier integrations and customer notifications.
Flight Booking Sequence
How an online travel site books a flight: fare search across airlines, seat hold, passenger details, payment and ticket issue.
Hotel Reservation Lifecycle
Every state of a hotel reservation from enquiry to checkout, including pay-at-hotel, cancellations and no-shows.
OTT Video Streaming Platform
An OTT streaming service like a Netflix-style app: user apps, catalog and entitlement services, DRM, and delivery through a CDN.
Video Transcoding Pipeline
How an uploaded master video becomes adaptive streams: ingest, quality checks, transcoding into several resolutions, packaging, DRM and publishing.
Lab Sample Lifecycle (LIMS)
The states of a laboratory sample in a LIMS, from collection to reporting and disposal, with rejection and re-testing.
Adverse Drug Event Reporting
How a suspected side effect reported by a doctor or patient is captured, assessed and reported to the regulator on time (pharmacovigilance).
Property Listing Platform Architecture
A real estate marketplace: listings by owners and brokers, search with maps, lead capture and site-visit booking.
Rental Application Workflow
A tenant's path from enquiry to moving in: site visit, application, verification, agreement and deposit.
Precision Farming IoT Deployment
Where each part of a precision farming system runs: soil and weather sensors in the field, a solar-powered LoRaWAN gateway, and cloud services for irrigation and advice.
Farm-to-Market Supply Chain
How produce moves from the farm to the buyer: harvest, grading, collection centre, mandi or online market, and payment to the farmer.
Airport Baggage Handling Flow
The journey of a checked bag through an airport: check-in, security screening, sorting to the right flight and loading, with exceptions.
Aircraft Maintenance Work Order Lifecycle
How a maintenance work order moves in an airline MRO: from a pilot's defect report to inspection, parts, repair and certificate of release to service.
Food Delivery Platform Architecture
A Swiggy/Zomato-style food delivery platform: customer, restaurant and rider apps, and the services that match orders, riders and payments.
Food Order to Doorstep Sequence
Everything that happens between a customer tapping Place Order and the food arriving: payment, restaurant acceptance, rider assignment, pickup and delivery.
Zero Trust Architecture
A zero trust access model: every request to an internal app is checked for user identity, device health and policy, whether it comes from the office or home.
Security Incident Response Workflow
A security incident response process based on the NIST lifecycle: detect, triage, contain, eradicate, recover and learn.
Recruitment Pipeline Workflow
A hiring process from job requisition to the new joiner's first day: sourcing, screening, interviews, offer and background checks.
Leave Request Approval Lifecycle
The states of an employee leave request in an HRMS: submission, manager approval, HR escalation for long leave, and cancellation.
Contract Lifecycle (CLM)
The states of a commercial contract in a contract lifecycle management system, from request and drafting to renewal or expiry.
E-Signature Flow
How a document gets signed electronically by several parties in order, with identity checks and a tamper-evident audit trail.
Online Donation Flow
How a donor gives online to an NGO: choosing a cause, paying by UPI or card, and getting a tax-exemption (80G) receipt automatically.
NGO Fund Allocation Sankey
Where an NGO's money comes from and where it goes: donations, grants and CSR funds flowing into programmes, operations and fundraising.
Live Sports Score Data Flow
How live scores reach millions of fans within a second: official scorers, the data feed, stream processing, caching and push notifications.
Fitness App with Wearables Deployment
Where each part of a fitness tracking product runs: the wearable, the phone app that syncs it, and the cloud services for workouts, goals and coaching.
Multiplayer Game Backend Architecture
The backend for an online multiplayer game: player accounts, matchmaking, dedicated game servers, leaderboards and in-game purchases.
Game Matchmaking Sequence
How a player gets into a match: joining the queue, skill-based matching, server allocation and connecting to the game server.
Satellite Ground Station Network
How an earth-observation satellite operator talks to its satellites: ground stations around the world, the mission control centre and the data processing centre.
Launch Vehicle Flight Phases
The phases of a rocket launch from countdown to payload separation, with holds, aborts and the flight termination path.
Warehouse Robot Fleet Management
The software that runs a fleet of warehouse robots: order intake from the WMS, task allocation, traffic control, charging and the operator dashboard.
Robot Task State Machine
The states of an autonomous mobile robot doing pick tasks: idle, navigating, picking, delivering, charging, and recovering from faults and blocked paths.
Cloud Render Farm Deployment
Where each part of a cloud render farm runs: artists' workstations, the render queue manager, autoscaling GPU render nodes and shared storage.
3D Production Pipeline Data Flow
How assets move through a 3D animation or VFX pipeline: modelling, texturing, rigging, animation, lighting, rendering and compositing, with review in between.
House Construction Project Schedule
A typical schedule for building an independent house, from approvals and foundation to finishing and handover.
Building Permit and Stage Inspections
How a building project moves through the local authority: plan approval, stage inspections during construction, and the occupancy certificate.
Interior Design to Installation Workflow
An interior design project from the first enquiry to handover: consultation, site measurement, design approval, production and installation.
Interior Quote to Order Sequence
How an interiors company turns a site measurement into a confirmed order: measurements, design, pricing from the catalogue, quote and booking payment.
Smart City Platform Architecture
An integrated smart city platform: sensors and city systems feeding a central data platform that runs the command centre and citizen services.
Adaptive Traffic Management Data Flow
How an adaptive traffic system uses cameras and sensors to time signals, spot congestion and catch violations.
EHR Integration via HL7 / FHIR
How a hospital's EHR exchanges data with labs, radiology and insurers through an integration engine, translating between HL7 v2 and FHIR.
Telemedicine Video Consultation
An online doctor consultation from booking to e-prescription: payment, a secure video room, consultation notes and the prescription sent to the patient.
Cashless Hospitalisation Pre-Authorisation
How a cashless health insurance claim works at a hospital: pre-authorisation with the TPA, treatment, and final bill settlement directly with the insurer.
Hospital Database Schema
A core relational schema for a hospital: patients, doctors, departments, appointments, admissions, beds, prescriptions and bills.
Lab Test Order to Result
The lifecycle of a lab test in a hospital, from the doctor's order to the result in the patient's record, including recollection and critical values.
Emergency Room Triage Workflow
How an emergency department sorts incoming patients by urgency so the sickest are treated first.
Pharmacy e-Prescription Fulfilment
How an e-prescription is filled by a pharmacy: prescription verification, stock check, substitution consent, payment and delivery.
Remote Patient Monitoring Deployment
Where each part of a remote patient monitoring service runs: devices at the patient's home, a gateway, and cloud services that alert the care team.
HIPAA-Compliant Patient Data Flow
How protected health information (PHI) moves through a health app while staying encrypted, access-controlled and audited.
Card Payment Authorisation
What happens in the second after a card is tapped or entered online: the acquirer, card network and issuing bank authorise the payment, with 3-D Secure for online payments.
Real-Time Fraud Detection Data Flow
How a bank scores every transaction for fraud in milliseconds: features from history, an ML model, rules, and a case queue for analysts.
Core Banking System Architecture
The main building blocks of a bank's core platform: accounts, deposits, loans, payments and the general ledger, used by branches, internet banking and mobile.
Digital KYC Onboarding
How a bank or fintech opens an account fully online: Aadhaar/PAN verification, video KYC, risk checks and account creation.
Stock Trading Platform Deployment
How a broker's trading platform is deployed for low latency: co-located order gateways near the exchange, and cloud services for apps and back office.
Banking Database Schema
A relational schema for retail banking: customers, accounts, transactions, cards, loans and beneficiaries.
Digital Wallet Class Model
An object model for a digital wallet app: users, wallets, transactions, payment methods and KYC levels.
Month-End Close Schedule
A finance team's month-end close plan: bank reconciliations, accruals, intercompany, reviews and reporting, day by day.
Product Catalog Database Schema
A flexible product catalog: categories, products with variants (size, colour), prices, stock per warehouse and images.
Omnichannel Inventory Sync
How stock stays in sync across stores, warehouses and marketplaces so the same item isn't sold twice.
Returns and Refunds Workflow
How an online store handles a return: eligibility, pickup, quality check at the warehouse and the refund or replacement.
Product Recommendation Engine
How an online store builds 'recommended for you' and 'frequently bought together': click and order data, model training and a fast serving layer.
Flash Sale Scaling Deployment
How an online store survives a flash sale: CDN, a virtual waiting room, autoscaling and a queue in front of the order system.
Omnichannel Retail POS Architecture
A retail system that connects in-store POS, the online store and the warehouse: one customer, one stock pool, click-and-collect and returns anywhere.
E-commerce Customer Journey Map
The stages of an online shopper's journey and what the store does at each one, from discovery to repeat purchase.
E-commerce Sales Funnel
Where visitors drop off on the way to an order: traffic sources, product views, carts, checkout and completed orders.
Smart Factory (Industry 4.0) Architecture
A connected factory: machines and sensors on the shop floor, an edge layer, MES and ERP, and cloud analytics for OEE and predictive maintenance.
MES–ERP Integration Sequence
How production orders flow from ERP planning to the shop floor MES and how confirmations, goods movements and scrap flow back.
Predictive Maintenance Pipeline
How vibration and temperature data from machines becomes a maintenance work order before the machine fails.
Manufacturing Supply Chain Flow
How materials flow from suppliers to customers in a manufacturing business: purchasing, inbound quality, production, warehousing and distribution.
Bill of Materials Database Schema
A schema for multi-level bills of materials: items, BOM headers and lines, routings and work centres.
Plant Floor OT/IT Network
A segmented plant network following the Purdue model: control devices, supervisory systems, the plant DMZ and the corporate network.
Warehouse Pick, Pack and Ship
How a warehouse fulfils orders: wave planning, picking, packing, labelling and dispatch, with exceptions for short picks.
New Plant Setup Schedule
A high-level schedule for setting up a new manufacturing line: site work, equipment, installation, trials and ramp-up.
Factory Energy Use by Line
Where a factory's electricity goes, from the grid and solar through each production line and utility to the final uses.
IoT Platform Reference Architecture
A general-purpose IoT platform: device connectivity, device management, data processing, rules and the apps built on top.
IoT Edge Computing Deployment
Where processing happens in an edge IoT setup: devices, an on-site edge server running containers, and the cloud for fleet management and long-term storage.
Smart Home Automation Flow
How a smart home reacts to events: motion, door and temperature triggers run rules for lights, locks, AC and alerts.
MQTT Publish/Subscribe Messaging
How MQTT messaging works between devices, a broker and applications: connect, subscribe, publish with QoS, retained messages and last will.
IoT Device Lifecycle
Every state an IoT device goes through, from manufacture to decommissioning, including updates, faults and replacement.
Firmware OTA Update Sequence
How a device fleet gets a firmware update safely: staged rollout, signed images, verification, reboot and automatic rollback.
Smart Building Sensor Network
The network of a smart office building: wireless sensors per floor, BACnet building systems, gateways and the building management system.
IoT Device Registry Schema
A database schema for managing an IoT fleet: devices, models, firmware versions, certificates, customers and sites.
Asset Tracking Platform
Tracking valuable assets such as containers, tools or medical equipment with GPS and BLE tags, geofences and alerts.
Vehicle Software OTA Update
How a carmaker updates vehicle software over the air: campaign targeting, owner consent, download, safe installation and reporting.
EV Charging Network Architecture
A charge point operator's platform: chargers speaking OCPP, a central management system, driver app, payments and roaming.
Fleet Management Deployment
Where each part of a fleet management system runs: GPS devices in trucks, cloud services for tracking and analytics, and apps for managers and drivers.
Ride-Hailing Booking Sequence
What happens when a rider books a cab: fare estimate, driver matching, pickup, the trip and payment.
Car Dealer Management Schema
A database schema for a car dealership: vehicles in stock, customers, test drives, bookings, sales and service jobs.
ADAS Sensor Data Flow
How an advanced driver assistance system turns camera, radar and ultrasonic data into warnings and braking or steering actions.
Vehicle Service Booking Workflow
A car owner's service visit from booking to delivery: slot booking, inspection, estimate approval, repair, quality check and payment.
In-Vehicle ECU Network
How the electronic control units inside a modern car are connected: CAN and automotive Ethernet domains joined by a central gateway.
Car Rental System Class Model
An object model for a car rental service: branches, cars, customers, reservations, rentals and pricing.
Aadhaar-Style Identity Verification
How a service verifies a person's identity with a national ID and OTP (e-KYC), with consent and without storing the ID number.
Online Tax Return Filing
How a taxpayer files an income tax return online: pre-filled data, computation, payment of any balance tax and e-verification.
Public Grievance Redressal Lifecycle
The states of a citizen complaint in a public grievance system: registration, assignment to a department, resolution, citizen feedback and escalation.
Land Records Database Schema
A schema for digitised land records: parcels with survey numbers, owners and shares, mutations, encumbrances and map references.
Integrated Command and Control Centre
A city's integrated command and control centre (ICCC): one operations room that brings together traffic, surveillance, emergency response and utilities.
Government Open Data Sharing
How government departments publish data safely on an open data portal: anonymisation, approval, publishing and APIs for developers.
Government Cloud Landing Zone
A secure cloud foundation for government workloads: separate accounts per environment, central networking, logging and security, in an in-country region.
Voter Registration Use Cases
Who does what in an online voter registration system: citizens, booth-level officers and electoral registration officers.
E-Governance Services Map
A map of the digital services a state government typically offers citizens and businesses, grouped by area.
Learning Management System Architecture
An LMS for a university or online course provider: courses, video lessons, assignments, quizzes, grades and live classes.
Online Exam Proctoring Sequence
How a remotely proctored online exam runs: identity check, environment scan, the timed exam with AI monitoring, and review of flagged events.
Assignment Submission Lifecycle
The states of a student assignment: draft, submission before or after the deadline, plagiarism check, grading, feedback and resubmission.
Live Classroom Streaming Deployment
How live online classes are delivered to thousands of students: the teacher's stream, media servers, recording and a CDN for replays.
University ERP Architecture
A university ERP: admissions, student records, fees, timetable, exams, HR and payroll, library and hostels in one system.
University Admissions Funnel
How prospective students move from enquiry to enrolment, and where the drop-offs happen, for one admission cycle.
Student Fee Payment Sequence
How a student pays college fees online: fee invoice, payment gateway, reconciliation with the bank and an instant receipt.
LMS Roles and Use Cases
What each type of user does in a learning management system: students, instructors and administrators.
Semester Academic Calendar
A typical semester plan: registration, classes, internal assessments, holidays, end-semester exams and results.
Telecom OSS/BSS Architecture
The IT stack of a mobile operator: business support systems (CRM, billing, orders) and operations support systems (inventory, provisioning, assurance).
Mobile Number Portability
How a subscriber moves their number to another operator: porting code, request through the clearing house, donor approval and cutover.
Prepaid Recharge Sequence
What happens when a customer recharges a prepaid mobile: plan selection, payment, balance update in the charging system and confirmation.
Telecom Billing and Rating Pipeline
How network usage becomes a customer bill: call detail records, mediation, rating against the plan, billing and invoicing.
Telecom Customer Data Schema
A schema for subscriber data: customers, accounts, subscriptions (numbers), plans, SIMs and bills.
Network Fault Management Workflow
How a telecom operator handles a network alarm: correlation, impact check, ticketing, field dispatch and restoration.
CDN and Edge Caching Deployment
How a telecom operator or content provider deploys a CDN: edge caches in cities, regional mid-tier caches and the origin.
Mobile Connection eKYC Onboarding
How a new mobile connection is activated with digital KYC: identity verification, live photo, SIM allocation and activation.
Mobile Data Usage Breakdown
A pie chart of where a typical mobile user's data goes each month, useful for plan design and network capacity planning.
Multi-Tenant SaaS Architecture
A B2B SaaS product serving many customer organisations from one platform: tenant-aware services, per-tenant data isolation, billing and admin.
AWS Three-Tier Web Application
The classic three-tier web app on AWS: CloudFront and a load balancer, an autoscaling app tier in private subnets, and a Multi-AZ database.
Event-Driven Architecture with Kafka
Services that talk through events instead of direct calls: an order service publishes events that inventory, payments, notifications and analytics react to.
SaaS Subscription Billing Lifecycle
The states of a SaaS customer's subscription: trial, active, past due with retries, paused, cancelled and expired.
Git Branching Strategy
A GitFlow-style branching model: feature branches into develop, release branches for stabilisation, and hotfixes straight to main.
Serverless API Deployment
A serverless backend on AWS: API Gateway, Lambda functions, DynamoDB, S3 events and Cognito for sign-in, with no servers to manage.
Data Lakehouse Pipeline
How data from apps, databases and events lands in a lakehouse and becomes dashboards and ML features: bronze, silver and gold layers.
SaaS Users and Roles Model
An object model for users, organisations, roles and permissions in a B2B SaaS app, with role-based access control.
Upstream Digital Oilfield Architecture
A digital oilfield platform: wellsite sensors and SCADA, a production data historian, and engineering applications for surveillance and optimisation.
Well Data Ingestion Pipeline
How drilling and production data from wells is collected, quality-checked, stored and shared with engineering teams.
Refinery Process Flow
A simplified crude oil refinery: desalting, distillation, conversion units and blending into finished fuels.
Compressor Predictive Maintenance
How a gas compressor station predicts failures: vibration and process data, an ML model, and maintenance work orders before a trip happens.
Pipeline Leak Detection Alert
What happens when a pipeline leak detection system spots a possible leak: confirmation, valve closure, field response and regulator notification.
Oil and Gas Asset and Equipment Schema
A database schema for an asset register: facilities, functional locations, equipment, maintenance plans, work orders and inspection readings.
HSE Incident Reporting Workflow
How a health, safety and environment incident is reported and handled at an oil and gas site: immediate response, classification, investigation and actions.
Hydrocarbon Supply Chain Sankey
How crude oil volumes flow from production and imports through refineries to the products and markets, in thousand barrels per day.
Offshore Platform Edge Deployment
Where computing runs for an offshore oil platform: control systems and an edge data centre on the platform, a satellite and microwave link, and onshore systems.
Smart Grid Architecture
The software behind a modern power grid: SCADA/EMS for transmission, ADMS for distribution, smart meters, DER management and the customer portal.
Utility Billing Sequence
How an electricity or water bill is produced and paid: meter reads, validation, tariff calculation, bill delivery and payment posting.
Solar and Wind Plant Monitoring
Where monitoring runs for a renewable energy portfolio: inverters and turbines at each plant, a plant controller, and the central monitoring cloud.
Electricity Generation Mix Sankey
How electricity flows from generation sources to the grid and on to consumer segments, including losses.
Insurance Underwriting Workflow
How a life or health insurance proposal is underwritten: automated rules, medical tests where needed, and the underwriter's decision.
Insurance Quote to Bind Sequence
How a customer buys motor insurance online: quote, add-ons, vehicle and previous-policy checks, payment and instant policy issue.
Insurance Database Schema
A relational schema for an insurer: customers, policies, coverages, insured objects, premiums, claims and payments.
Insurance Claim Fraud Scoring
How an insurer scores incoming claims for fraud: data enrichment, rules, an ML model and a special investigation unit queue.
Warehouse Inbound Receiving
How a warehouse receives goods: appointment, unloading, checking against the ASN, quality check, putaway and stock update.
Fleet Route Optimisation Data Flow
How a delivery company plans daily routes: orders, vehicle capacity, time windows and live traffic feed a route optimiser that assigns stops to drivers.
Freight Booking Lifecycle
The states of a freight shipment booking, from quote and booking through pickup, transit, customs and delivery.
Cold Chain Monitoring Deployment
Where cold chain monitoring runs for vaccines or fresh food: temperature loggers in reefers and cold rooms, gateways, and a cloud alerting platform.
Hotel Reservation System Architecture
A hotel chain's reservation platform: booking engine, property management system, channel manager for OTAs and revenue management.
Travel Loyalty Programme Schema
A database schema for an airline or hotel loyalty programme: members, tiers, earning and burning points, partners and rewards.
Airline Check-In Flow
How a passenger checks in for a flight: online or at the airport, seat selection, documents check, bags and boarding pass.
Travel Aggregator Deployment
How an online travel aggregator is deployed to handle search spikes: search fan-out to suppliers, caching, and separate booking services.
Content Publishing Workflow
How an article or video moves through a newsroom or media house: drafting, editing, legal review, scheduling and publishing across channels.
Subscription Paywall Sequence
How a metered paywall works on a news or streaming site: free article count, the paywall, subscription purchase and entitlement.
Live Event Streaming Deployment
How a live sports or concert stream reaches millions: venue encoders, cloud ingest and transcoding, packaging, and multi-CDN delivery.
Media Content Catalog Schema
A database schema for an OTT catalog: titles, seasons, episodes, people, genres, media assets and regional availability.
Clinical Trial Management Architecture
The systems that run a clinical trial: trial management, electronic data capture, randomisation, drug supply and safety reporting.
Drug Track-and-Trace Data Flow
How medicine packs are serialised and traced from factory to pharmacy to stop counterfeits: unique codes, aggregation and verification.
Regulatory Submission Workflow
How a pharmaceutical company prepares and files a marketing application (dossier) with regulators and handles their queries.
Electronic Batch Record Schema
A schema for electronic batch records in pharmaceutical manufacturing: products, master recipes, batches, steps, materials used and deviations.
Property Site Visit Booking
How a home buyer books a site visit from a listing: slot selection, broker confirmation, reminders and feedback after the visit.
Lease Lifecycle
The states of a residential or commercial lease: drafting, signing, active tenancy, renewal, notice and move-out settlement.
Property Management Database Schema
A schema for property management: properties, units, owners, tenants, leases, rent invoices and maintenance requests.
Smart Building Access Control Network
The network behind secure building access: card and mobile readers, turnstiles, lifts, visitor kiosks and CCTV on a separate security network.
Crop Monitoring Data Pipeline
How satellite and drone imagery plus field sensors become crop health alerts and advice for farmers.
Automated Irrigation Controller
The states of an automated drip irrigation controller: idle, scheduled watering, moisture-based watering, rain delay and fault handling.
Mandi Price and Selling App
How a farmer checks crop prices across nearby mandis and books a sale: live prices, transport cost, best net price and booking.
Farm Records Database Schema
A schema for a farm management app: farmers, plots, crop cycles, inputs applied, activities and harvests.
Airport Operations Platform
The systems that run an airport day to day: operational database, resource management for gates and stands, flight information displays and collaborative decision-making.
Flight Operations Data Flow
How flight data moves around an airline's operations: flight planning, the aircraft's ACARS messages, flight data monitoring and crew reports.
Airline Crew Scheduling Timeline
A monthly crew planning cycle for an airline: pairing construction, bidding, roster publishing and day-of-operations changes.
Airport IT Network Topology
The IT network of an airport: separate zones for passenger Wi-Fi, common-use terminal equipment, operations systems and airline links.
Food Order Status State Machine
Every status of a food delivery order, from placed to delivered, including restaurant rejection, no rider and customer cancellation.
Restaurant Kitchen Order Flow
How orders from dine-in, takeaway and delivery apps flow through a restaurant kitchen display system to the pass and out.
Food Delivery Menu and Orders Schema
A schema for a food delivery platform: restaurants, menus, items with add-ons, customers, orders, order items and riders.
Food Delivery Peak-Hour Scaling
How a food delivery platform scales for lunch and dinner peaks: pre-scaling, autoscaling services, sharded databases and a surge-protected dispatch.
SIEM Log Pipeline
How security logs from across an organisation reach the SIEM: collection, parsing, enrichment, detection rules and alerts for the SOC.
SAML Single Sign-On Login
How SAML single sign-on works when an employee opens a SaaS app: redirect to the company identity provider, MFA and a signed assertion.
DMZ Network Architecture
A classic secure network layout: internet-facing services in a DMZ between two firewalls, with internal systems and databases never exposed directly.
Threat Model Mindmap (STRIDE)
A STRIDE threat model for a web application, listing example threats in each category with the main mitigations.
HRMS Architecture
A human resource management system: employee records, attendance, leave, payroll, performance and the employee self-service app.
Employee Onboarding Sequence
What happens between an accepted offer and a new joiner's productive first week: documents, background check, accounts, laptop and induction.
Payroll Database Schema
A schema for monthly payroll: employees, salary structures and components, pay runs, payslips and statutory deductions.
Hiring Funnel Sankey
How candidates move through a hiring funnel for a quarter, by source, and where they drop out.
Legal Case Management Architecture
A law firm's case management platform: matters, documents, court dates, time tracking and billing, with a client portal.
Legal Document Review and Approval
How a contract or legal document is reviewed inside a company: intake, playbook check, risk rating, approvals and signature.
Legal Matter and Billing Schema
A schema for law firm matters and billing: clients, matters, timekeepers, time entries, expenses, invoices and trust accounts.
E-Discovery Data Pipeline
How electronic evidence is collected and reviewed in litigation: legal hold, collection, processing, review and production to the other side.
Donor Management Platform
An NGO's fundraising platform: donation pages, donor CRM, recurring giving, tax receipts and impact reporting to donors.
Grant Application Lifecycle
The states of a grant, seen from the NGO applying for it: from concept note to award, reporting and close-out.
Volunteer Onboarding Workflow
How an NGO takes a volunteer from sign-up to first assignment: screening, background check for child-facing roles, training and matching.
NGO Beneficiary Records Schema
A schema for tracking an NGO's beneficiaries and the services they receive across programmes, for impact reporting.
Sports League Management Platform
A platform to run an amateur or professional league: team registration, fixtures, match scoring, standings and fan apps.
Match Ticket Booking Sequence
How a fan books tickets for a big match: queue, seat selection with a temporary hold, payment and a mobile ticket with QR code.
Tournament Schedule
A timeline for organising a multi-team tournament: registrations, league stage, knockouts, final and the work around it.
Sports Player and Team Schema
A schema for a sports league: teams, players, squads per season, matches, match events and player statistics.
Multiplayer Game Session States
The states of an online match on a game server: lobby, loading, in progress, pauses, reconnects and results.
Game Leaderboard Data Pipeline
How match results turn into leaderboards and rankings: result events, anti-cheat checks, rating updates and cached leaderboards.
Global Game Server Deployment
How an online game runs servers close to players worldwide: regional fleets, a global matchmaker, and central account and store services.
In-App Purchase Flow
How an in-game purchase is completed safely: store purchase, receipt validation on the server, granting items and handling refunds.
Aircraft Manufacturing Supply Chain
How an aircraft is built from a global supply chain: tier suppliers, major assemblies, final assembly, testing and delivery.
Spacecraft Telemetry Data Flow
How telemetry from a spacecraft is received, decoded, checked against limits and archived, and how commands go back up.
Satellite Constellation Operations
The ground software for operating a satellite constellation: mission planning, flight dynamics, contact scheduling, command and control, and payload delivery.
Aircraft MRO Parts and Maintenance Schema
A schema for aircraft maintenance: aircraft, installed components with life limits, maintenance tasks, work packages and parts inventory.
ROS 2 Mobile Robot Architecture
The software nodes inside a ROS 2 autonomous mobile robot: sensors, localisation, mapping, planning, control and the fleet connection.
Robot Pick-and-Place Sequence
How a robot arm picks items from a bin with vision guidance: detection, grasp planning, motion, placement and error handling.
Robotic Work Cell Network
The network inside a robotic work cell: robot controllers, PLC, safety systems, vision and the connection to the plant network.
Warehouse Robot Rollout Plan
A project plan for introducing autonomous robots into a warehouse: site survey, mapping, integration, pilot, training and scale-up.
3D Digital Asset Management Schema
A schema for managing 3D assets in a studio: projects, assets, versions, dependencies (textures, rigs), shots and reviews.
Render Job Lifecycle
The states of a render job on a render farm: submitted, queued, rendering frame by frame, failures and retries, and completion.
VFX Shot Review and Approval
How a VFX shot is reviewed: the artist submits a version, the supervisor reviews in dailies, the client approves, and notes flow back.
VFX Studio Pipeline Platform
The studio systems that tie a VFX pipeline together: production tracking, asset management, render farm, storage and client review.
Construction Material Procurement
How a construction site orders materials: site request, quotes from suppliers, purchase order, delivery, quality check and payment.
Construction Project Management Platform
A platform for running building projects: schedules, site diaries, drawings, RFIs, quality and safety checklists, and billing.
BIM Data Flow
How building information modelling (BIM) data flows between designers, contractors and the owner: coordination, clash detection, quantities and handover.
Construction Site Safety Inspection
A daily safety inspection routine on a construction site: checklists, hazard reporting, stop-work authority and follow-up.
Home Interior Project Schedule
A typical 45-day schedule for a 3BHK home interior project, from design sign-off to handover.
Modular Furniture Factory Production
How a modular kitchen or wardrobe design becomes finished panels in a factory: design export, cutting optimisation, edge banding, drilling and packing.
Interior Design Business Platform
The software for a home interiors company: lead CRM, design tool, quotation engine, factory ERP and project tracking with a customer app.
Interior Project Lifecycle
The states of a home interior project from lead to warranty, including design revisions, payment milestones and on-hold periods.
Online Building Plan Approval
How a city approves building plans online with automated checks: submission, auto-scrutiny against bye-laws, department NOCs and sanction.
Urban Planning Services Map
A map of the main areas city planners work on and the data and systems behind each one.
Smart Parking Sequence
How a smart parking system guides a driver to a free space: sensors, a parking app, reservation, entry by number plate and automatic payment.
Smart Waste Collection Data Flow
How a city optimises garbage collection: bin fill-level sensors, truck GPS, route planning and citizen complaints.
Utility EV Charging Network Architecture
How a power utility runs a public EV charging network: chargers, a charge-point management system, grid load control and billing.
New Electricity Connection Workflow
The steps from a customer applying for a new power connection to the meter being installed and the first bill.
Smart Meter Lifecycle
Every state a smart meter goes through, from warehouse stock to commissioning, normal operation, faults and retirement.
Utility Customer and Billing Schema
The core tables of a utility billing system: customers, premises, meters, meter readings, tariffs and bills.
Digital Substation Network
The network zones of a digital substation: process bus, station bus, the control centre link and a secured remote-access path.
Motor Insurance Claim Sequence
What happens between a policyholder, the insurer's app, a surveyor and a garage when a car insurance claim is made.
Insurance Claims Platform Deployment
A cloud deployment for an insurance claims platform: web and mobile channels, claims microservices, document AI and a data lake.
Cashless Health Claim Workflow
How a cashless hospital claim works between the hospital, the TPA and the insurer, from pre-authorisation to final settlement.
Policy Renewal Reminder Sequence
The automated renewal journey: reminders before expiry, a pre-filled renewal quote, online payment and the new policy document.
Insurance Premium Allocation Sankey
Where each unit of insurance premium goes: claims, commissions, operating costs, reinsurance and profit.
Logistics Shipment Database Schema
Tables for a logistics system: customers, shipments, packages, consignment legs, hubs, vehicles and tracking events.
Import Customs Clearance Workflow
The steps a customs broker follows to clear imported cargo: documents, duty, inspection and release.
Parcel Delivery Lifecycle
Every state a parcel passes through in a courier network, including failed attempts and returns to sender.
Warehouse Management System Architecture
A warehouse management system (WMS) with handheld scanners, putaway and picking services, and links to the ERP and carriers.
Freight Cost Breakdown Sankey
How the total cost of moving goods splits across first mile, line haul, warehousing, last mile and overheads.
Hotel Digital Check-In Sequence
Mobile check-in for a hotel: ID upload, room assignment by the PMS, payment hold and a digital room key.
Tour Package Booking Workflow
How a travel agency turns an enquiry into a confirmed holiday package with flights, hotels and payments.
Hotel Guest and Staff Network
A hotel's network zones: guest Wi-Fi, staff and PMS network, payment terminals and building systems, kept apart.
Airline Booking Engine Deployment
A cloud deployment for an airline's booking site and app, with fare caching, the passenger service system and payments.
Online Travel Agency Revenue Sankey
Where an online travel agency's booking revenue comes from and how it splits between suppliers and the agency's margin.
Podcast Publishing Workflow
From recording to publishing a podcast episode: editing, show notes, review, and distribution to every podcast app.
OTT Video Playback Sequence
What happens when a viewer presses play: entitlement check, DRM licence, CDN manifest and adaptive bitrate streaming.
Digital Newsroom CMS Architecture
A newsroom content platform: editors write in a CMS, stories are enriched and published to the website, apps and syndication partners.
Music Streaming Royalty Sankey
How a music streaming subscription is shared between the platform, record labels, publishers and artists.
Film Production Schedule
A typical schedule for an independent film, from development and pre-production through the shoot, post-production and release.
GxP Deviation and CAPA Workflow
How a pharmaceutical plant handles a manufacturing deviation: report, impact assessment, root cause, CAPA and batch disposition.
Clinical Trial Randomisation Sequence
How a site enrols a patient into a clinical trial: eligibility, consent, randomisation through the IRT and drug kit assignment.
Vaccine Cold Chain Monitoring Deployment
An IoT deployment that watches vaccine temperatures from warehouse to clinic, with alerts when the cold chain breaks.
Drug Development Timeline
The long road from discovery to market for a new drug: research, preclinical, three clinical phases, approval and launch.
Pharmacovigilance Safety System Architecture
A drug safety platform that collects adverse event reports, codes them, detects signals and submits reports to regulators.
Home Purchase and Loan Sequence
The steps between buyer, builder, bank and registrar when buying a new flat with a home loan.
Property Maintenance Request Workflow
How a tenant's repair request moves through a property management company, from ticket to fix and billing.
Smart Building IoT Deployment
Sensors and controllers in a commercial building connected to a cloud platform for energy, occupancy and comfort.
Coworking Space Booking Platform
A coworking operator's platform: members book desks and rooms, access doors with their phone and are billed monthly.
Real Estate Project Sales Funnel Sankey
How property enquiries turn into site visits, bookings and registered sales for a residential project.
Farm Management Platform Architecture
A platform farmers use to plan crops, record field work and inputs, and get advisory and market prices.
Kharif Crop Season Plan
A season plan for a paddy crop: land preparation, nursery, transplanting, fertiliser, irrigation, pest control and harvest.
Dairy Milk Collection Sequence
How a village dairy cooperative collects milk: testing fat and SNF, pricing, recording and paying farmers.
Farm Produce Value Chain Sankey
Where the consumer's rupee goes for vegetables: farmer, aggregators, transport, wholesale, retail and losses.
Smart Greenhouse Network
The network of a connected greenhouse: climate sensors, irrigation and fertigation controllers, cameras and a cloud link.
Aircraft Turnaround Sequence
The coordinated steps on the ground between arrival and departure: deboarding, cleaning, fuelling, catering and boarding.
Airline Frequent Flyer Schema
Tables for an airline frequent flyer programme: members, tiers, flights flown, miles earned and redemptions.
Flight Delay and Disruption Handling
How an airline's operations centre handles a delayed flight: rebooking, crew legality, passenger care and compensation.
Airline Operations Cloud Deployment
A cloud deployment for an airline's operations systems: flight tracking, crew and maintenance apps, and ops messaging.
Airport Passenger Flow Sankey
How departing passengers move through an airport: check-in channels, security lanes and on to domestic and international gates.
Cloud Kitchen Operations Platform
A cloud kitchen that runs several virtual brands: orders from aggregators, a kitchen display system, inventory and dispatch.
Restaurant Onboarding Workflow
How a delivery platform onboards a new restaurant partner: documents, FSSAI licence, menu setup, photos and go-live.
Delivery Rider Assignment Sequence
How a food delivery platform picks a rider for an order: nearby riders, batching, acceptance and live tracking.
Food Delivery Order Economics Sankey
Where the money from one food delivery order goes: restaurant, platform commission, rider pay, discounts and taxes.
Quick Service Restaurant Store Network
The in-store network of a fast food outlet: POS terminals, kiosks, kitchen displays, drive-thru and a secure link to HQ.
Vulnerability Management Lifecycle
The life of a vulnerability finding: discovered by a scanner, triaged, assigned, fixed, verified and closed, or accepted as risk.
Multi-Factor Authentication Login Sequence
How a login with MFA works: password check, risk evaluation, a push or TOTP challenge and session issue.
Security Operations Centre Architecture
A SOC platform: logs and alerts flow into a SIEM, SOAR playbooks automate response, and analysts work cases.
Phishing Email Response Workflow
What the security team does when an employee reports a phishing email: analyse, contain, clean up and learn.
Security Asset and Risk Register Schema
Tables for an asset inventory and risk register: assets, owners, vulnerabilities, risks, controls and exceptions.
Employee Lifecycle
Every stage of an employee's time with a company: offer, onboarding, probation, active, leave, notice and exit.
Monthly Payroll Run Sequence
The monthly payroll process: attendance and leave data, salary calculation, taxes, approval, bank transfer and payslips.
Performance Review Cycle Workflow
An annual performance review: goals, self-review, manager review, calibration, final rating and pay revision.
Biometric Attendance System Deployment
Attendance capture for offices and factories: biometric devices, a mobile geo-attendance app and sync to the HRMS.
Employee Skills Framework Mindmap
A skills framework for a technology company: technical, product, leadership and behavioural skills with levels.
Litigation Case Lifecycle
The stages of a civil court case from filing to judgment and appeal, including settlement at any point.
Client Intake and Conflict Check Sequence
How a law firm takes on a new client: enquiry, conflict check across all matters, engagement letter and matter opening.
Trademark Filing Workflow
The steps to register a trademark: search, filing, examination, objections, publication, opposition and registration.
Contract Lifecycle Platform Deployment
A secure cloud deployment for a contract lifecycle management (CLM) platform with AI clause extraction and e-signature.
Law Firm Revenue Sankey
How a law firm's billed time turns into collected revenue and where it goes: salaries, overheads and partner profit.
NGO Programme Monitoring Data Flow
How field data from an NGO's programmes flows from mobile surveys to dashboards and donor reports.
Donation Tax Receipt Sequence
What happens after an online donation: payment confirmation, 80G receipt generation, donor CRM update and annual filing.
NGO Operations Map
The main functions of a mid-size NGO: programmes, fundraising, finance and compliance, people and technology.
CSR Grant Proposal Workflow
How an NGO wins and manages a corporate CSR grant: proposal, due diligence, agreement, tranches and utilisation reports.
Volunteer Management Platform
A platform that matches volunteers to NGO opportunities, tracks hours and issues certificates.
Gym Membership Lifecycle
The states of a gym membership: trial, active, frozen, expiring, renewed, lapsed and cancelled.
Fitness Class Booking Sequence
Booking a spot in a group fitness class: availability, waitlist, reminders, QR check-in and no-show handling.
Stadium Network and Operations
The network of a sports stadium: fan Wi-Fi, ticket scanners, broadcast feeds, point-of-sale and security systems.
Sports Academy Admission Workflow
How a sports academy admits a trainee: trial session, assessment, batch assignment, fees and progress tracking.
Fitness Tracking App Architecture
A fitness app backend: workouts, wearable sync, personalised plans, challenges and subscriptions.
Game Player and Inventory Schema
Tables for an online game: players, characters, items, inventories, currencies, purchases and match history.
Live Ops Game Event Workflow
How a game team runs a limited-time in-game event: design, remote config, staged rollout, monitoring and rewards.
Anti-Cheat Detection Sequence
How a game detects and handles cheating: client checks, server-side validation, review and bans.
Mobile Game Revenue Sankey
Where a free-to-play mobile game's revenue comes from and where it goes: app stores, marketing, servers, team and profit.
Game Launch Roadmap
A roadmap for launching a mobile game: prototype, production, soft launch in test markets, global launch and live ops.
Satellite Command Uplink Sequence
How an operator sends a command to a satellite: planning, authorisation, uplink during a pass and telemetry confirmation.
Satellite Mission Timeline
A satellite mission from design review to launch and commissioning in orbit.
Aircraft Engineering Change Workflow
How a change to an aircraft design is proposed, assessed, approved by the airworthiness authority and put into production.
Earth Observation Data Platform
A platform that turns raw satellite images into analysis-ready products and delivers them to customers.
Launch Vehicle Mass Budget Sankey
How the lift-off mass of a two-stage rocket splits into propellant, structure, engines and the payload that reaches orbit.
Robot Fleet Cloud Deployment
How a fleet of warehouse robots connects to the cloud: on-site fleet server, edge Kubernetes, telemetry and remote updates.
Robot Safety Stop Workflow
What a mobile robot does when a person or obstacle enters its safety field: slow down, stop, wait, reroute or call for help.
Robot Learning Data Pipeline
How data from real robots and simulation is collected, labelled and used to train and deploy new robot models.
Robot Work Cell Production Schema
Tables for tracking a collaborative robot (cobot) work cell: robots, programs, jobs, cycles, faults and maintenance.
Robotics System Components Mindmap
The building blocks of a mobile robot: perception, localisation, planning, control, hardware and fleet software.
VFX Shot Production Workflow
The steps a VFX shot goes through from plates to final delivery: matchmove, modelling, animation, FX, lighting and comp.
Render Farm Network
The network of a VFX studio's render farm: artist workstations, render nodes, high-speed storage and a cloud burst link.
Architectural Visualisation Project Sequence
How an archviz studio turns a client's CAD drawings into photoreal renders and a walkthrough.
VFX Project Budget Sankey
How a VFX project budget splits across departments, render costs, supervision and margin.
3D Asset Review and Collaboration Platform
A web platform where artists upload 3D assets and supervisors review them in the browser with frame-accurate notes.
Construction Project Database Schema
Tables for a construction project system: projects, sites, work packages, subcontractors, materials, daily logs and payments.
RFI (Request for Information) Lifecycle
The life of an RFI on a construction project: raised by the contractor, answered by the architect or engineer, and closed.
Construction Site Monitoring Deployment
IoT and cameras on a construction site: equipment trackers, concrete sensors, time-lapse cameras and a cloud dashboard.
House Construction Cost Sankey
Where the money goes when building a house: structure, finishing, services, labour, approvals and contingency.
Construction Tender to Contract Award
How a project owner tenders construction work: bid documents, pre-bid meeting, technical and financial evaluation, award.
Interior Design Orders Schema
Tables for an interior design business: customers, projects, rooms, design versions, quotations, orders and installation visits.
Site Measurement and Design Sequence
How an interiors company goes from a booked consultation to a signed design: site measurement, 3D design, quote and sign-off.
Home Interior Budget Sankey
How a typical 2BHK interior budget splits across the kitchen, wardrobes, living room, ceilings, lighting and other work.
Interior Handover Snag List Workflow
How snags (defects) are found and fixed before handing over a finished home interior project.
Home Interior Design Scope Mindmap
The scope of a full home interior project, room by room and trade by trade.
Online Property Tax Payment Sequence
How a citizen pays property tax to the city online: property lookup, assessment, payment and receipt.
City 311 Grievance Platform
A city's public grievance platform: complaints from app, web and phone routed to departments with SLAs and escalation.
Metro Rail Project Timeline
A high-level timeline for building an urban metro line: approvals, land, civil works, systems, testing and opening.
City Integrated Command Centre Deployment
The deployment behind a city command centre: traffic cameras, sensors and services feeding a data platform and video wall.
City Land Use Sankey
How a city's land area is used: residential, commercial, industrial, roads and transport, green spaces and public uses.
RAG Chatbot over Company Documents
A chatbot that answers staff questions from company documents: documents are split and indexed in a vector database, and each question pulls the most relevant passages before the language model writes an answer.
RAG Question Answering Sequence
What happens when a user asks the document chatbot a question: permission check, embedding, vector search, prompt building and a cited answer.
Document Ingestion for Vector Search
How documents become searchable passages for an AI assistant: extraction, cleaning, chunking, embedding and indexing, with changed files re-processed automatically.
AI Agent Tool-Use Workflow
How an AI agent completes a task by planning, calling tools, checking results and asking a person to approve risky actions before it finishes.
MLOps Model Training Pipeline
Where each part of an MLOps setup runs: feature store, training jobs on GPU nodes, experiment tracking, model registry and automated deployment to serving.
ML Model Lifecycle
The states a machine learning model moves through, from experiment to production to retirement, including rollback when live performance drops.
LLM Gateway with Cost and Safety Controls
One gateway that every app in a company uses to reach language models: it applies budgets, rate limits, content filters and caching, and records usage per team.
ML Experiment Tracking Schema
Tables that keep machine learning work reproducible: datasets and their versions, experiments, runs, metrics, and registered models with their deployments.
Real-time Model Prediction Sequence
How an app gets a live prediction: features are fetched from an online store, the model scores the request, and the result and inputs are logged for monitoring.
GPU Inference Cluster Deployment
How a self-hosted language model is deployed for many users: autoscaled GPU pods behind a gateway, with model weights cached close to the GPUs.
Generative AI Use Cases in a Company
Where generative AI is used across a typical company, grouped by department, to help plan which projects to start first.
URL Shortener System Design
The classic interview design for a service like bit.ly: short code generation, fast redirects from a cache, and click analytics processed separately.
Chat App Message Delivery (WhatsApp-style)
How a one-to-one chat message is delivered in a WhatsApp-style system, with sent, delivered and read ticks, and push notifications when the receiver is offline.
Social News Feed (Twitter-style)
How posts reach followers' feeds: fan-out on write for normal users, fan-out on read for celebrities, and a ranked feed built from a cache.
Ride Matching System (Uber-style)
The core of a ride-hailing app: drivers stream their locations, a geo index finds nearby drivers, and a matching service offers the trip to the best one.
API Rate Limiter (Token Bucket)
How a token bucket rate limiter decides whether to let an API request through, using Redis so all servers share the same counts.
Notification Service Design
A notification system that sends email, SMS and push messages at scale: one API, a queue per channel, user preferences, and retries.
Search Autocomplete (Typeahead)
How search suggestions appear as you type: a prefix index built offline from past searches, served from memory, and refreshed regularly.
Movie Ticket Booking (BookMyShow-style)
How seat booking avoids double-selling: seats are locked for a few minutes during payment, and released if payment fails or times out.
Video Upload and Streaming (YouTube-style)
How uploaded videos become streamable: resumable upload, transcoding into several qualities, storage, and delivery through a CDN with adaptive bitrate.
Distributed Cache with Consistent Hashing
How a distributed cache spreads keys across nodes with consistent hashing, so adding or removing a node moves only a small share of keys.
File Sync States (Dropbox-style)
The states a file goes through in a sync client like Dropbox: detected, chunked, uploaded, synced, and conflict handling when two devices edit the same file.
Modern Data Platform Architecture
A typical modern data stack: data is loaded from apps and SaaS tools into a cloud warehouse, modelled with dbt, orchestrated with Airflow and served to BI dashboards.
Change Data Capture Pipeline
How every insert, update and delete in an operational database is streamed to the data lake and search index in near real time using change data capture.
Sales Star Schema
A classic star schema for sales analytics: one fact table of order lines surrounded by date, customer, product, store and promotion dimensions.
Nightly Batch ETL Workflow
The steps of a nightly batch pipeline with data quality gates: extract, validate, transform, load and publish, stopping safely when checks fail.
Real-time Streaming Analytics Deployment
Where a real-time analytics stack runs: Kafka for events, Flink for stream processing, a real-time OLAP database and live dashboards.
Data Pipeline Run States
The states of a single pipeline run in an orchestrator like Airflow, including retries, upstream failures and manual reruns.
Data Lake Zones (Bronze, Silver, Gold)
The medallion pattern for a data lake: raw data lands in bronze, is cleaned in silver, and turned into business-ready tables in gold.
Data Quality Check Sequence
How a pipeline checks data quality before publishing: expectations run against the new data, results are stored, and bad data is quarantined.
Daily Data Volume Flow
Where a company's daily data comes from and where it ends up, measured in gigabytes, to plan storage and processing costs.
Data Governance Areas
The main parts of a data governance programme, from ownership and quality to privacy and access, for teams setting up one.
Data Warehouse Migration Plan
A 5-month plan to move reporting from an on-premise warehouse to a cloud warehouse, running both in parallel before switching off the old one.
GitOps Deployment Flow
How a code change reaches production with GitOps: CI builds and tests, the image tag is written to a config repo, and Argo CD syncs the cluster to match Git.
Observability Stack (Metrics, Logs, Traces)
A complete observability setup: OpenTelemetry collects metrics, logs and traces from services, which are stored separately and viewed together in Grafana with alerting.
Incident Lifecycle
The stages of a production incident from the first alert to the postmortem, with severity escalation along the way.
Incident Response Sequence
Who does what when production breaks: monitoring pages the on-call engineer, an incident channel is opened, customers are updated and the fix is rolled out.
Blue-Green Deployment
A blue-green setup where a new version is deployed next to the live one and traffic is switched only after it passes checks, allowing instant rollback.
Infrastructure as Code Pipeline
How infrastructure changes are made safely with Terraform: plan on pull request, policy checks, approval, apply and drift detection.
Internal Developer Platform
A self-service platform for developers: a Backstage portal with templates that create repos, pipelines and environments without tickets to the ops team.
Canary Release Sequence
How a canary release sends a small share of traffic to a new version, compares its error rate with the stable version, and promotes or aborts automatically.
Multi-Region Active-Active Network
A network layout for running an application in two regions at once, with global load balancing, private links between regions and replicated databases.
Monthly Cloud Cost Breakdown
Where a company's monthly cloud bill goes, by team and by service type, to spot the biggest savings opportunities.
SRE Practices
The core practices of site reliability engineering, from service level objectives to toil reduction, as a map for teams starting SRE.
Digital Lending Platform
A digital lending app that takes a loan application from KYC to disbursal in minutes, using credit bureau data, bank statement analysis and e-mandates for repayment.
Account Aggregator Consent Flow
How a lender gets a customer's bank statements through India's Account Aggregator network: consent request, approval in the AA app, and encrypted data sharing.
Buy Now Pay Later Checkout
How a Buy Now Pay Later option decides at checkout whether to approve a shopper and splits the purchase into instalments.
Stock Order Lifecycle
The states of a stock market order in a broking app, from placement through exchange matching to partial and full fills.
Stock Broking Platform
Where a stock broking platform runs: low-latency order systems co-located near the exchange, and customer apps and back office in the cloud.
Loan Management Database Schema
Tables for a loan book: borrowers, loan products, loans, repayment schedules, payments and collection actions.
Mutual Fund SIP Purchase Sequence
How a monthly SIP in a mutual fund works behind an investment app: mandate debit, order to the exchange platform, NAV allotment and units credited.
Payment Fraud Screening
How every payment is screened for fraud in real time using device data, velocity counters, rules and a model, with doubtful cases sent for review.
Neobank Architecture
A digital-only bank built on top of a partner bank: the app, onboarding, accounts ledger, cards and payments services, connected to the partner's core banking.
Payments Fintech Revenue and Costs
How the fees a payments company earns are split between network costs, bank partners and its own margin, per ₹100 of fees.
Video KYC Onboarding
How a fintech app onboards a customer with video KYC: document checks, a live video call with liveness detection, and an approval decision.
Crypto Exchange Architecture
The main parts of a centralised crypto exchange: a matching engine, wallets split between hot and cold storage, deposits and withdrawals, and compliance checks.
Crypto Withdrawal Sequence
How an exchange processes a crypto withdrawal safely: balance hold, 2FA, risk and address screening, signing, broadcast and confirmations.
NFT Marketplace
How an NFT marketplace works: listings signed off-chain, metadata on IPFS, and sales settled by a marketplace smart contract.
Smart Contract Upgrade Process
How a team safely upgrades a smart contract behind a proxy: audit, testnet rehearsal, multi-signature approval and a timelock before the change goes live.
Blockchain Transaction States
The states a blockchain transaction goes through from signing to final confirmation, including replacement and dropped transactions.
Hot and Cold Wallet Custody
How a custodian separates internet-connected hot wallets from offline cold storage, with signing hardware and an air-gapped transfer process.
Web3 dApp Deployment
Where a decentralised app's parts run: frontend on IPFS, contracts on a layer-2 chain, and supporting services like RPC providers and an indexer.
DeFi Lending and Liquidation
How a DeFi lending protocol works: deposit collateral, borrow, and what happens when the collateral value falls and a liquidator steps in.
Crypto Wallet and Holdings Schema
Tables for a crypto portfolio app: users, wallets on different chains, tokens, balances and transaction history.
DAO Governance Proposal Flow
How a DAO makes a decision: forum discussion, an on-chain proposal, token voting, quorum, a timelock and execution.
Web3 Building Blocks
The main building blocks of Web3 applications, for teams deciding what their product needs.
Customer Data Platform
A customer data platform that joins a customer's activity from website, app, store and support into one profile, and sends audiences to marketing tools.
Helpdesk Ticket Lifecycle
The states of a customer support ticket, from creation through assignment, waiting on the customer, resolution and reopening.
Contact Centre Call Routing
How an incoming support call is routed: caller recognition, IVR menu, self-service options and routing to the right skilled agent queue.
Email Campaign Send Sequence
How a marketing email campaign is sent: audience built, consent checked, emails personalised and sent in batches, and opens and clicks tracked.
CRM Sales Pipeline Schema
Tables for a B2B sales CRM: accounts, contacts, leads, opportunities moving through stages, activities and quotes.
Marketing Funnel
How visitors flow from marketing channels to sign-ups, trials and paying customers in a month, to see which channel brings buyers, not just traffic.
WhatsApp Support Bot with Agent Handover
How a WhatsApp support bot answers common questions and hands the chat to a human agent, with the full conversation, when it can't help.
Marketing Automation Platform Deployment
Where a marketing automation platform runs: tracking and APIs at the edge, journey workers, a message queue and channel providers.
Customer Feedback Analytics
How feedback from surveys, reviews, tickets and calls is collected, analysed for sentiment and topics, and turned into a weekly report for product teams.
Customer Support Channels and Tools
The channels and tools of a modern support team, from self-service to live agents to quality measurement.
Loyalty Programme Platform
A retail loyalty programme: points earned on every purchase in store or online, tiers, rewards redemption and partner offers.
Emergency 112 Dispatch System
An integrated emergency response system like India's 112: calls, SMS and panic-app alerts reach one centre, which dispatches the nearest police, fire or ambulance unit.
Emergency Call to Dispatch Sequence
What happens in the minutes after someone dials 112: call answered, location fixed, incident created, nearest unit dispatched and the caller updated.
Emergency Incident Lifecycle
The states of an emergency incident in a dispatch system, from first call to closure, including duplicate calls about the same event.
Disaster Early Warning Alerts
How warnings for cyclones, floods and earthquakes reach people: sensor and forecast data, a decision by the authority, and cell broadcast, SMS and sirens to the affected area.
Online Police Complaint Workflow
How an online police complaint is handled: registration, assignment to the right police station, investigation and updates to the complainant.
Fire and Rescue Communication Network
How fire stations, the control room and fire engines stay connected, with radio as the main link and mobile data as a backup.
City CCTV Command Centre
Where a city surveillance system runs: cameras at junctions, local recorders, a central video management system and analytics that raise alerts in the command centre.
Missing Persons Case Database
Tables for tracking missing person cases: reports, persons, sightings, matched unidentified persons and case updates.
Flood Evacuation Coordination
How a district coordinates evacuation when a river crosses the danger mark: alert, shelter allocation, transport and headcount at relief camps.
Emergency Response Performance
Average emergency response time by city zone, the key measure for where to add vehicles or stations.
Disaster Management Cycle
The phases of disaster management and the systems that support each one, for government and NGO planning.
Train Ticket Reservation System
A railway reservation system in the style of IRCTC: seat inventory per train and class, waitlists, Tatkal quota, payments and e-tickets.
Train Ticket (PNR) Status
The states of a train ticket from booking to journey, including RAC and waitlist confirmation and cancellation.
Metro Smart Card Fare Collection
How a metro fare is charged with a smart card or bank card: tap in at the entry gate, tap out at the exit, fare by distance and balance update.
Live Bus Tracking and Arrival Times
How a city bus app shows live bus positions and arrival times: GPS devices on buses, a prediction model and updates to apps and stop displays.
Railway Signalling and Train Control Network
How a modern railway signalling network is connected: interlocking at stations, track circuits, train control radio and the central traffic control centre.
Multimodal Journey Planner
A journey planner that combines metro, bus, suburban train and last-mile options into one trip plan with a single ticket.
Train Operations Database Schema
Tables for train operations: trains, routes, stations, scheduled stops, coaches and daily running with actual times.
Metro Line Construction Timeline
A simplified 4-year plan for building a new metro line, from approvals and land acquisition to civil works, systems and commercial opening.
Train Delay Communication Workflow
How a railway handles a delay: detection from running data, decision on re-platforming or connections, and passenger notifications by app, SMS and station displays.
Daily Ridership by Mode
How a city's daily public transport trips split across modes and transfers, to see where integration matters most.
Station Operations Deployment
Where station systems run for a metro line: station equipment rooms, a line operations control centre and a disaster recovery site.
Port Community System
A port community system that connects shipping lines, terminals, customs, freight forwarders and truckers on one platform, so documents are shared once instead of emailed many times.
Import Container Clearance Sequence
The journey of an import container from unloading to leaving the port: discharge, customs filing, duty payment, delivery order and gate out.
Shipping Container States
The states a shipping container goes through in an export journey, from empty pick-up to delivery at the destination.
Vessel Tracking with AIS
How ships are tracked worldwide: AIS signals picked up by coastal stations and satellites, cleaned, matched to voyages and used for arrival predictions.
Container Terminal Operating System
Where a container terminal's systems run: the terminal operating system in the data centre, equipment control on cranes and yard vehicles, and gates with automation.
Ocean Freight Booking Schema
Tables for an ocean freight booking platform: shippers, bookings, containers, voyages, bills of lading and tracking events.
Vessel Arrival and Berthing
How a port handles an arriving ship: pre-arrival notice, berth allocation, pilot boarding, tug assistance and berthing.
Port Cargo Throughput
Yearly cargo handled by a port, by cargo type and by where it goes next, in million tonnes, for capacity planning.
Ship-to-Shore Communication Network
How a ship stays connected: satellite and 4G links, onboard networks separated for navigation, crew and operations, and the fleet operations centre ashore.
Digital Shipping Line Platform
A shipping line's digital platform where customers get instant quotes, book containers, submit shipping instructions and track shipments.
Digital Maritime and Port Operations
The main areas of digital systems in maritime and ports, for planning a port or shipping digitalisation programme.
Carbon Emissions Accounting Platform
A platform that calculates a company's greenhouse gas emissions from energy bills, fuel use, travel and suppliers, and produces reports for disclosures like BRSR.
Company Emissions by Scope
Where a manufacturing company's yearly emissions come from, in tonnes of CO2 equivalent, split into Scope 1, 2 and 3 and their main sources.
City Air Quality Monitoring
How a city measures and publishes air quality: reference stations and low-cost sensors, calibration, AQI calculation and public alerts.
Smart Water Distribution Network
A city water network with sensors and smart meters: treatment plant, reservoirs, pumping stations, district metered areas and a SCADA control centre.
Water Leak Detection Workflow
How a water utility finds and fixes leaks: night flow analysis per district, acoustic surveys to pinpoint the leak, repair and verification.
Recycling Pickup and Credit Sequence
How a recycling app works: a household books a pickup, the collector weighs and pays for the waste, and the recycler reports what was processed.
ESG Reporting Data Schema
Tables for collecting ESG data across sites: reporting periods, metrics like energy, water and waste, values per site and evidence documents.
Rooftop Solar Installation Lifecycle
The stages of a rooftop solar project for a home, from enquiry and site survey through subsidy approval, installation and net-metering.
Climate Risk Analytics Deployment
Where a climate risk analytics service runs: climate datasets, geospatial processing on a compute cluster, and an API that scores assets for flood and heat risk.
Tree Plantation Drive Plan
A plan for a city tree plantation drive timed around the monsoon: site selection, sapling procurement, volunteer planting and survival monitoring.
Corporate Climate Action Areas
The main levers a company has for climate action, from measuring emissions to clean energy, supply chain and offsets.
Temple Management Platform
A digital platform for a large temple trust: darshan and seva bookings, online donations with tax receipts, prasad orders, accommodation and crowd information.
Darshan Slot Booking Sequence
How a devotee books a special darshan slot online: choosing a date, ID verification, holding the slot during payment and getting a QR ticket for entry.
Online Donation with 80G Receipt
How an online donation to a religious trust is processed, from choosing a cause to issuing an 80G tax receipt and filing donor details with the tax department.
Festival Crowd Management
The systems used to manage crowds during a big festival or yatra: cameras, turnstiles and sensors in the field, a command centre, and alerts to police and volunteers.
Trust Donor and Seva Database
Tables for a religious trust: devotees, donations to causes, receipts, seva bookings and volunteer shifts.
Prasad Order by Post
The states of a prasad order sent by post to a devotee, from payment to delivery, including returns for wrong addresses.
Community Kitchen (Annadanam / Langar) Planning
How a community kitchen plans daily meals: expected footfall, ingredient stock, donations in kind, cooking batches and leftovers going to shelters.
Temple Trust Income and Spending
How a temple trust's yearly income from offerings, sevas and donations is spent on rituals, community service, maintenance and reserves, in lakhs of rupees.
Live Streaming of Rituals
How daily rituals and festival ceremonies are streamed live to devotees worldwide, with recordings kept for on-demand viewing.
Pilgrimage Yatra Registration
How pilgrims register for a regulated yatra: online registration with a health certificate, slot allocation, RFID card issue and tracking at checkpoints.
Digital Services for Religious Organisations
The digital services a temple, gurudwara, church, mosque or spiritual trust can offer, for planning which to build first.
Concert Ticketing Platform
A ticketing platform built for big on-sales: a virtual waiting room, seat holds, anti-bot checks, payments and mobile tickets with rotating QR codes.
Event Entry Check-in Sequence
How attendees get into an event quickly: QR scan at the gate, validity check that works even if the internet drops, and a live attendance count.
Creator Membership Platform
A platform where creators sell monthly memberships with exclusive posts, videos and community chat, and get paid out monthly.
Social Content Moderation
How user posts on a social or creator platform are moderated: automatic checks, human review of doubtful content, and appeals.
Event Management Database Schema
Tables for an event platform: organisers, events, venues, ticket types, orders, tickets and check-ins.
Ticket Order States
The states of a ticket order, from seat hold through payment to use at the event, including refunds when an event is cancelled.
Creator Monthly Revenue Mix
Where a mid-sized creator's monthly income comes from and where it goes, in thousands of rupees, to plan a sustainable creator business.
Hybrid Event Streaming
How a conference is streamed to online attendees with live chat, Q&A and recordings, while in-person attendees use the same event app.
Conference Planning Timeline
A 6-month plan to run a 1,000-person tech conference, from venue booking and call for speakers to ticket sales and event day.
Creator Economy Toolkit
The tools and income streams of a professional content creator, as a map for creators and for startups building for them.
High-demand Ticket Sale Deployment
Where a ticketing system runs to survive a big on-sale: waiting room at the CDN edge, autoscaled services, and databases sized for the spike.
Mine Fleet Management System
A fleet management system for an open-pit mine: dump trucks and shovels report position and payload, a dispatch engine assigns loads, and a control room watches production live.
Haul Truck Cycle
The states of a mining haul truck in each load-and-dump cycle, used by dispatch systems to measure productivity and waiting time.
Underground Mine Communication Network
How an underground mine keeps people connected and safe: leaky feeder radio, Wi-Fi, gas sensors and personnel tracking tags, linked to the surface control room.
Ore to Metal Material Flow
How mined ore becomes finished metal in an iron and steel chain, in thousand tonnes per month, showing where material is lost.
Smelter Process Control Deployment
Where the control systems of a metal smelter run: field instruments, PLCs and a DCS in the plant, a historian, and a separate business network behind a demilitarised zone.
Chemical Batch Traceability
Tables that trace a chemical product batch back to its raw material lots, process steps, quality tests and customer shipments, for recalls and audits.
Mine Blast Planning and Safety
How a mine plans and carries out a blast safely: drill pattern design, explosive loading, area clearance, the blast, and post-blast checks.
Mineral Dispatch and Royalty Sequence
How a truckload of mined mineral leaves the mine legally: weighbridge, e-permit (transit pass) generation, royalty payment and checks at state check-posts.
Predictive Maintenance for Heavy Equipment
How sensor data from crushers, conveyors and mills predicts failures before they happen, turning into maintenance work orders.
Mine Closure and Reclamation Plan
A multi-year plan for closing a mine responsibly: final production, decommissioning, landform shaping, revegetation and monitoring before handover.
Digital Mining Technologies
The main digital technologies used in modern mining, from exploration to safety and sustainability.
Personal Loan Approval Swimlane
Who does what when a bank approves a personal loan: the customer, the loan officer, the credit team and operations, with the rework loop for missing documents.
Procure-to-Pay (P2P) Swimlane
The purchase cycle from an employee's request to paying the vendor, across the requester, the manager, procurement, the vendor and accounts payable.
Employee Onboarding Swimlane
How a new joiner is onboarded across HR, the hiring manager, IT and the employee, from signed offer to a productive first week.
Motor Insurance Claim Swimlane
A car insurance claim from accident to settlement, across the policyholder, the insurer's claims desk, the surveyor and the garage.
Order-to-Cash (O2C) Swimlane
From a customer's order to cash in the bank, across sales, credit control, the warehouse, logistics and finance.
IT Incident Management Swimlane
An ITIL-style incident flow across the user, the service desk, the support team and the problem manager, with escalation for major incidents.
Hospital Admission and Discharge Swimlane
A planned in-patient stay from admission to discharge across the patient, the front desk, the doctor, the nurse and billing, including insurance pre-authorisation.
E-commerce Return and Refund Swimlane
A product return from request to refund across the customer, customer support, the courier, the warehouse and finance.
Software Change Request Swimlane
How a change to a production system is requested, assessed, approved by the change board, built, tested and released.
Vendor Onboarding with KYC Swimlane
Adding a new supplier: the vendor, procurement, compliance (KYC and GST checks) and finance, from registration to an active vendor code.
Bank Account Opening Journey
A customer opening a savings account online, from comparing banks to the first transaction, with the video KYC step as the main pain point.
Online Grocery Order Journey
A shopper ordering groceries on a quick-commerce app, from search to unpacking, showing where substitutions and late slots hurt satisfaction.
Patient Clinic Visit Journey
A patient's visit to a multi-speciality clinic, from booking to follow-up, highlighting long waits and paperwork as the pain points.
College Admission Journey
A student applying to college, from shortlisting to the first day, with document verification and fee payment as the friction points.
SaaS Free Trial Onboarding Journey
A new user's first two weeks on a B2B SaaS free trial, from sign-up to paying, to find where trial users drop off.
Insurance Claim Customer Journey
A policyholder's experience of a health insurance claim, from hospital admission to reimbursement, showing where uncertainty and waiting hurt.
Food Delivery Order Journey
A customer ordering dinner on a food delivery app, from choosing a restaurant to eating, showing how delays and cold food affect the rating.
Domestic Flight Travel Journey
A traveller's day flying domestically, from booking to reaching the destination, with security queues and baggage wait as low points.
New Hire Experience Journey
What joining a company feels like for a new employee in the first 30 days, to improve onboarding from the employee's side.
Broadband Installation Journey
A home customer getting a new broadband connection, from choosing a plan to stable internet, with the technician visit as the key moment.
Mobile Banking Backlog Prioritisation
A mobile banking app backlog placed on an impact-vs-effort grid, separating quick wins like UPI autopay from big bets like loan pre-approval.
E-commerce Conversion Ideas Prioritisation
Ideas to raise an online store's conversion rate, ranked by expected impact and effort, from one-page checkout to a loyalty programme.
HR Process Improvement Prioritisation
HR improvement initiatives ranked by impact on employees and effort to deliver, from digital onboarding forms to a new HRMS.
Hospital Digital Initiatives Prioritisation
Digital projects for a hospital ranked by patient impact and effort, from online appointment booking to a full EHR migration.
SaaS Feature Requests Prioritisation
Customer feature requests for a B2B SaaS product ranked by impact and effort, to decide what goes into the next release.
Library Management System Use Case Diagram
Who uses a college library system and what each of them can do: members, the librarian and the system administrator.
Library Management System ER Diagram
The database of a library system: books and their copies, authors, members, loans, reservations and fines, with keys and cardinality.
Library Management System Data Flow Diagram (Level 1)
How data moves through a library system: members and the librarian, the main processes, and the data stores they read and write.
Library Management System Class Diagram
The main classes of a library system with attributes, methods and UML relationships.
Library Management System Sequence Diagram (Issue a Book)
The steps when a member borrows a book: checks, loan record and the copy status update.
Online Examination System Use Case Diagram
What students, examiners and the administrator do in an online examination system.
Online Examination System ER Diagram
Database design for online exams: courses, exams, questions and options, attempts, answers and results.
Online Examination System Data Flow Diagram (Level 1)
Data flows in an online exam system from question setting to published results.
Online Examination System Class Diagram
Classes for an online exam system, with question types by inheritance and grading logic.
Online Examination System Sequence Diagram (Take an Exam)
A student taking an online exam: start, auto-save, submit and grading.
Hotel Room Booking System Use Case Diagram
Guests, front desk staff and the hotel manager in an online room booking system, with the payment gateway as an outside actor.
Hotel Room Booking System ER Diagram
Database for hotel bookings: room types, rooms, guests, bookings, payments and stays.
Hotel Room Booking System Data Flow Diagram (Level 1)
How booking data flows between guests, the payment gateway, staff and the hotel's data stores.
Hotel Room Booking System Class Diagram
Main classes of a hotel booking system, including room types and a payment interface.
Hotel Room Booking System Sequence Diagram (Book a Room)
Booking a hotel room online, from the availability search to the confirmation email.
Student Result Management System Use Case Diagram
Students, teachers, the exam cell and parents in a college result and attendance system.
Student Result Management System ER Diagram
Database for marks, attendance and results: students, subjects, semesters, marks and attendance records.
Student Result Management System Data Flow Diagram (Level 1)
Marks and attendance flowing from teachers to published results for students and parents.
Student Result Management System Class Diagram
Classes for results and attendance, with a grading policy that can change.
Student Result Management System Sequence Diagram (Publish Results)
From marks entry to students seeing results: validation, grade calculation and exam cell approval.
Online Shopping System Use Case Diagram
Customers, sellers, the admin and outside services in an online shopping website.
Online Shopping System ER Diagram
The core e-commerce schema: customers, addresses, products, categories, carts, orders, order items, payments and reviews.
Online Shopping System Data Flow Diagram (Level 1)
Order data flowing between the customer, seller, payment gateway, courier and the shop's data stores.
Online Shopping System Class Diagram
Classes for an online shop: customer, cart, order, payment strategies and order states.
Online Shopping System Sequence Diagram (Place an Order)
Checkout on a shopping website: stock check, payment and order confirmation.
Incident Response Flow
From the first alert to the postmortem: triage by severity, assign an incident commander, mitigate, communicate and learn.
On-call Escalation
How a page moves from the monitoring system to the primary on-call, then to the secondary and the engineering manager when nobody answers.
Database Failover Runbook
Step-by-step runbook for failing over from a broken primary database to a replica, with checks before and after.
Deployment Rollback Runbook
What to do when a release goes bad: decide quickly between a feature-flag switch-off, a rollback and a hotfix.
Disk Full Alert Runbook
Runbook for a disk-usage alert on a server or volume: find what is growing, free space safely, then stop it happening again.
TLS Certificate Expiry Runbook
Renew a TLS certificate before it expires, or recover quickly when it already has.
PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram
The standard flow diagram for a systematic review: records identified, screened, assessed for eligibility and included. Replace each n with your own counts.
CONSORT Participant Flow Diagram
The CONSORT flow diagram for a randomised trial: enrolment, allocation to two arms, follow-up and analysis, with the numbers lost at each stage.
Randomised Controlled Trial Design
Study-design figure for a randomised controlled trial: population, randomisation, two arms, measurements and outcomes.
Cohort Study Design
Design figure for a prospective cohort study: exposed and unexposed groups followed over time to compare outcomes.
Conceptual Framework (Research Model)
A conceptual framework with independent, mediating, moderating and dependent variables, plus control variables. Rename the boxes for your own study.
Machine Learning Experiment Pipeline
The experiment pipeline figure for a machine-learning paper: data, preprocessing, splits, model training, evaluation, ablation and statistical testing.
Qualitative Thematic Analysis Process
The six steps of thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke) as a process figure, from familiarisation to the written report.
Thesis Research Timeline
A three-year PhD or two-year research-project timeline from literature review to thesis submission. Move the bars to match your supervisor's plan.