
📡 IoT · Network
The network of a smart office building: wireless sensors per floor, BACnet building systems, gateways and the building management system.
Drawing diagram…
Network topology of a smart building: each floor has occupancy, temperature and air quality sensors on Zigbee, smart lighting controllers and a floor gateway. HVAC chillers and air handlers speak BACnet/IP to the building management system. Access control and CCTV are on their own VLANs. Floor gateways connect over the building LAN to the BMS server; a firewall links to the cloud analytics platform.
flowchart LR
subgraph F1[Floor 1]
S1[Occupancy and temperature sensors]
L1[Lighting controllers]
G1[Floor gateway]
end
subgraph F2[Floor 2]
S2[Air quality sensors]
L2[Lighting controllers]
G2[Floor gateway]
end
S1 -.Zigbee.- G1
L1 --- G1
S2 -.Zigbee.- G2
L2 --- G2
HVAC[Chillers and AHUs] ---|BACnet/IP| LAN[Building LAN]
G1 --- LAN
G2 --- LAN
ACC[Access control VLAN] --- LAN
CCTV[CCTV VLAN] --- LAN
LAN --- BMS[Building Management System]
BMS --- FW{{Firewall}} --- CLOUD[Cloud analytics]How sensor readings travel from devices to dashboards and alerts: MQTT ingestion, stream processing, time-series storage and anomaly detection.
How a new device joins the platform securely: claiming by the owner, certificate issue and its first connection to the MQTT broker.
A general-purpose IoT platform: device connectivity, device management, data processing, rules and the apps built on top.
Where processing happens in an edge IoT setup: devices, an on-site edge server running containers, and the cloud for fleet management and long-term storage.
How a smart home reacts to events: motion, door and temperature triggers run rules for lights, locks, AC and alerts.
How MQTT messaging works between devices, a broker and applications: connect, subscribe, publish with QoS, retained messages and last will.